Full definition
VHDX has a 1 MB header with 2 redundant copies (header 1 and 2), a BAT (Block Allocation Table) and a log area recording uncommitted changes. If the VM crashes during writing, on next boot Hyper-V replays the log to maintain consistency. It also supports shared VHDX in Hyper-V cluster. VHDX recovery requires double-header analysis: when the primary is corrupted, the secondary may be intact. Tools like PowerShell's Recover-VHDXFile and low-level parsers can rebuild VHDX in cases where direct mounting fails.
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